hartleyfamily.uk - A-YSNPs Research by William Hartley

Ongoing research by William Hartley, Administrator of the Haplo-I1-M253; I1-Z58; I1-Z140,Z141; I1-F2642; Northlands-Northmen; and Hartley DNA Projects.

I started seriously researching DNA in the 2010's. Having for many years corresponded with Prof Ken Nordtvedt, an ex-NASA Scientist-turned 'Genetics Citizen Scientist', I was able to work out how he processed STR Results. Before long, we were both working on the FTDNA I1-yDNA M253 Project, and were both discovering and predictimg potentially new YSTR-based subclades on the I1-M253 Tree.

Next, I taught myself to process Genome BAM files on my home PC, using software available online. Often, my PC was left on overnight, the processing of each file took about 10 hours or more, due to my poor Internet connection. Most of the early Genomes came from the 1000 Genomes Project, and were fairly primitive 4GB files, so my PC easily coped with discovering all the YSNPs and Variants. I then found an easy way to weed out potential Novel Variants, and began to send them off to Dr Thomas Krahn at YSEQ in Berlin, where they were registered as A-series YSNPs at YBrowse.net. In later years I processed thousands of Y-genomes and Whole Genomes sent to me by various Project members, and went on to discover 10,000 new YSNPs, and registered over 8,000 of them as new A-series YSNPs at YBrowse.

2014-2018: A-series YSNPs I discovered by re-processing Y-Genomes on my home PC

2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: [click on year to view my A-Series SNPs registered at YBrowse]

Earlier in the 2010's, I had started to create a YSTR-Tree for the I1-Haplogroup Results at FTDNA. In those days there were very few useful SNPs. I soon realised as more SNPs were discovered, that unlike many STRs that were fast-mutating and which I considered to be less reliable, SNPs were very slow-mutating [if at all] and much more reliable, so I began to create a YSNP-Tree that I ran alongside my YSTR Tree. I found my YSNP-Tree shadowed my YSTR-Tree, so I knew I was on to something worthwhile. From both trees, I could make predictions as to which new SNPs project members should test, and which SNP Branch they likely belonged to.

2013 came, and I had tested my son and myself for a brand new Y-genome product from FGC Full Genomes in the USA, named Elite. By that date, the price of Genome tests had fallen from $billions, to $millions, to $thousands, so were within reach of serious Citizen Scientist researchers. From that test, I discovered a long list of Novel Variants that my son and myself shared, but discovered most had already been automatically registered by FGC as FGC-series SNPs. For a few years I had been working with Russian researchers, registering their early Z-series YSNPs at YSEQ and YBrowse, and having learnt they were also producing a YSNP-Tree and forming a new company, YFull, I sent my FGC Elite Results to them and had them re-process and analyse my Y-genome file. The Results produced a few new Y-series SNPs that FGC had not registered. I then re-processed my Y-genome file, again, myself and registered a few more A-series SNPs that FGC and YFull had missed, that included ...

A1329 and A1376,

In later years I also tested various other Y-genome and Whole Genome products at FTDNA, FGC and Dante Labs in Italy, and registered several more YSNPs including ...

A10402 and A10425, two more YSNPs that are unique to my HARTLEY YDNA line.

So started my interest in Genetic-Genealogy ... and my goal, to merge my traditional paper-records Family Tree with my new Genetics Tree, that incorporates both YDNA Results and atDNA autosomal DNA Results.

2014-2018: A-series YSNPs I discovered by re-processing Y-Genomes on my home PC

2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: [click on year to view my A-Series SNPs registered at YSEQ and YBrowse.net]

Between 2014 and 2018, I discovered over 10,000 YSNPs, most of which were registered in my name.

My research was halted 2019 - 2021 because I was involved in worldwide genetic research into SARS-Covid-19 Variants.

New I-M253 Branches discovered 2013-2017

Below I-M253 I discovered several new YSNP Branches, all registered at YSEQ/YBrowse

I-M253

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A6152 [same branch as S63 and A26221] discovered 2015 [registered YSEQ/YBrowse]

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A17326 [discovered 2017]

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A15774-A15799 [discovered 2017]

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A17297-A17318 [discovered 2017]

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